February 5, 1890 Vol. VII, No. 6Whole No. 162

THE STANDARD.

HENRY GEORGE, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.

Published Every Wednesday at

NO. 12 UNION SQARE^sic, NEW YORK CITY.

Entered at the post office in New York as second class matter.

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

EDITORIAL. The Hoof of an Unclean Beast—“Al” Daggett’s Revelations—The Shameless Corruption of Brooklyn Politics—A Specimen “District Leader”—Partial Remedies—The One Complete Remedy—The Printers and Political Economy—Senator Chase’s Position—Mr. Thayer’s Craze—Living Men to Make Wills—Cummings and Subsidies—Parnell’s Vindication—Lord Derby on Land Purchase—The Wrecking of a Bank—Is Butterworth a Free Trader—Speaker Reed’s Revolutionary Tactics—Vacant Land Assessments—A Frightened Organ—Crooked Ethics.

HORACE WHITE ON THE SINGLE TAX. Louis F. Post.

A GREAT BOOK. Hamlin Garland.

OUR WASHINGTON LETTER. Henry George, Jr.

OUR ENGLISH LETTER. Rev. Harold Rylett.

NOTES AND QUERIES. Mr. Savage Settles It—Why Lots are Not Improved—The Electoral College—The Latest Trust News—The Caucus in France—The Eight-Hour Agitation—Minneapolis Assessments—A Trades Union Seeking Light—Judge Perry’s Experiences—The Order of the Triangle.

GEORGE IN THE WEST. A Great Meeting at Denver—Reception at Kansas City—Mr. George’s St. Louis Speech—An Incident at St. Louis.

PERSONAL.

THE SOCIAL PROBLEM. The Gospel of Mugwumpery—General Fisk to Mr. George—What is Morals—A Bishop on State Socialism—Another Remedy.

BALLOT REFORM NEWS. The Knights Indorse It—So Do the Trades Unions—Making Ready in New Jersey—Indiana’s Law Attacked—Progress at Albany—Gov. Campbell Sanguine.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR. Amusing Propaganda Work—An Episcopal Minister Sees a Light.

THE FREE TRADE FIGHT. Good Work at Mount Clair—Mr. Cleveland Interviewed—A Disgusted Farmer.

SOCIETY NOTES.

SINGLE TAX NEWS. New Brighton’s Assessment—Equalizing Assessments in this City—The Actors and the Single Tax—Manhattan Club News—Activity in Brooklyn—Good Work in New York State—Single Tax Advocates Before the Massachusetts Legislature—A State Organization to be Formed—A Meeting in a Church—News from Ohio and Indiana—The “Cat” Appears to an Illinois Judge—Shearman in Baltimore—At Work in Other States, Canada and Great Britain.

p. 1, col. 2

EDITORIAL.

“I feel as if the hoof of an unclean beast were on my neck,” exclaimed an honorable and upright Maryland democrat, a few years ago, in a speech denouncing the tyranny and corruption of the Baltimore ring. The decent republicans in Brooklyn must have a like feeling of disgust as they read the revelations as to the methods by which their party is managed made by ex-State Senator Albert Daggett in his recent public statement.

Mr. Daggett, commonly called “Al” Daggett, has been for years a notable character in Brooklyn politics. He was the trusted assistant of Blocks-of-Five Dudley, when that fragrant Indiana statesman was, as the immediate representative of candidate Harrison, managaging^sic the work of the National league of republican clubs during the last presidential campaign. He appears to have given such complete satisfaction in this matter that Quay and Dudley charged him with the responsibility of handling the enormous corruption fund thrown into Brooklyn on the eve of the presidential election. If something could force Daggett to tell the truth about that fund, and the disposition made of it, we should doubtless have in print the blackest and foulest chapter of our political history.

No well informed politician has any doubt that the defeat of Mr. Cleveland was due to a deal between the Hill and other machines, and to such wholesale bribery as was never before known in the history of this state. Though these influences were felt throughout the state, the city of Brooklyn was the scene of their greatest activity and most notable results. In many election districts of that city, inhabited by respectable people, the vote for Cleveland was double’^sic that for Hill, but in the districts controlled by the saloons and machines this ratio was reversed and the democratic majority on the electoral ticket fell far short of the majority given Cleveland four years before. All who waited up to receive the returns that night remember the surprise and incredulity with which the first reports from Brooklyn were received. The only people not surprised were those in the confidence of the machines. Republicans of this class were jubilant in their commendation of the “smartness” of Quay in quietly concentrating the whole power of his corruption fund on Brooklyn, while the democratic national committee had been devoting its whole energy and such funds as it could raise to meeting and resisting the anticipated wholesale bribery in New York. For his skill and fidelity in handling the Quay-Wanamaker fund in Brooklyn, “Al” Daggett was rewarded by the profitable contract, that he now holds, for furnishing Mr. Wanamaker’s department with postal cards.

This is the man who now comes forward to testify concerning the methods by which the dominant faction there obtained control of the republican machine in Brooklyn and elected Secretary Tracy’s candidate, Franklin Woodruff, chairman of the county committee, despite the fact that a majority of the members of the committee had been pledged or instructed to support Boss Platt’s candidate, David A. Baldwin. Both these candidates, it is well to remember,are rich and “eminently p. 1, col. 3 respectable.” Daggett speaks with full knowledge of the contest, for he and State Senator James W. Birkett managed Platt’s canvass in behalf of Baldwin, while Naval Officer Theodore B. Willis and United States District Attorney Jesse Johnson managed Secretary Tracy’s canvass in behalf of Woodruff. Dagget^sic, as historian of the contest, says:

Franklin Woodruff has been re-elected chairman of the republican general committee after a canvass which for corruption, fraud and deceit has never been equalled in the history of the politics of any party in this or any other community, as I shall show to the satisfaction of every fair-minded man. This campaign was inaugurated and carried to a successful termination by Franklin Woodruff, Theodore B. Willis and Israel F. Fischer. It embraced bribery, forgery, the prostitution of the patronage of the government, lying, trickery and every,wicked^sic device known or practised by the worst specimen of pothouse politics.

The story told by Daggett not only seems to prove his accusation, but it demonstrates that both parties to the contest were equally corrupt. He gives numerous instances in which votes were bought for Woodruff by the appointment cf^sic delegates or their friends to offices in the custom house or navy yard. On one occasion, in an authorized interview in a local newspaper, Naval Officer Willis boasted that he had returned from Washington, bringing home with him thirteen “Christmas presents” for men who would soon hear of their appointment through the proper departments. We believe no serious attempt is made to deny that not only Secretary Tracy, but Secretary Windom and President Harrison, himself, freely used the appointing power to promote the changes that resulted in the capture by Woodruff of votes pledged to Baldwin. Daggett further insists that in addition to all this, other votes were obtained by direct bribery. He does not, however, leave any room for a pretense on his part of honest indignation, for he unblushingly tells the story of his own bribery of a “district leader” named Greenleaf Smith, “who controlled nine votes.” This precious scamp told Daggett that Naval Officer Willis had offered him a place at $3.50 a day if he would support Woodruff, but he declared that nothing short of a $1,500 position would cause him to desert Baldwin. Daggett after some fencing said to Smith: “They have tried to buy you with a place and failed. I will give you a place in my factory (the postal card factory) and will give you $1,000 a year during the term of this administration to maintain your leadership. I will enter into a contract with you to that effect. I will give you any security you want. Go tell your lawyer to draw a contract which will bind me to pay you $1,000 a year for such service as I may require of you under my contract. That will be no promise made to-day and broken to-morrow. It will be a legal and binding contract, which I could not evade if I desired.”

“Leader” Smith was not shocked by this frank offer to bribe him; but he distrusted Daggett. He demanded immediate payment. He was accompanied by two of his heelers named Wick and Buchman. Daggett offered finally part cash and part notes. “Buchman,” says Daggett, “seemed to get that suggestion through his skull,” and he remarked, “Greeny, that will do if the notes are indorsed by Senator Birkett.” The transaction was finally completed, the amount figured up to $3,166,66^sic, and Daggett p. 1, col. 4 thereupon made eleven notes at $250 each, and called on Senator Birkett, who indorsed the notes and lent Daggett $416 66^sic as a cash payment for the first quarter and the two odd months.

Greenleaf Smith seems to have had a profound distrust of Daggett. The remainder of his story is told in a shameless affidavit that he has published. After obtaining the notes from Daggett he swears that he reopened negotiations with Naval Officer Willis, and finally made a bargain to sell his nine votes for $2,250 cash to the Woodruff faction. The bargain was made and he was told to go to the office of Sheriff Rhinehart for the cash. Arriving there, he was directed to call on Mr. Woodruff himself, at the elegant home of that wealthy gentleman at 106 Remsen street, on the aristocratic Brooklyn heights. He did so, and according to his story, Woodruff asked to see the papers that Smith had received from Daggett, and thus obtaining possession of them, he refused to return them to Smith.

Having obtained these papers, Woodruff sent for Daggett and Birkett, and in a stormy interview, reported in detail by Daggett, he threatened to have them both arrested unless they would agree to throw the votes they controlled for him as chairman, and thus secure his election. Daggett evidently felt that his transparent subterfuge of engaging Smith to work in his postal card factory would save him from conviction, even if bribing delegates to a party convention were found to be an indictable offense. He therefore defied Woodruff, and, according to his own story, derided his angry opponent’s pretense to “purity in politics.” He further declares that after this interview, United States District Attorney Johnson offered to return him the notes and check given to Greenleaf Smith, provided he would turn over the votes necessary to insure Woodruff’s election.

Daggett does not appear to have any sense of shame in making these revelations. The fact that he pretended to hire Smith to work in his factory, while really hiring him to vote for Baldwin, appears to satisfy his conscience as to that transaction. It seems to surprise nobody that such a sneaking and manifestly ignorant rascal as Greenleaf Smith should be a district leader and control nine votes in a county convention. Daggett manifestly feels that he has come out of the business with flying colors, and he proudly declares: “For my political efforts in behalf of my own party, I have earned at least the respect of democratic opponents.” We have no doubt he is right. The democratic opponents with whom he probably made a Harrison and Hill deal last fall, will doubtless testify that “Al. Daggett is a square man, who don’t go back on a bargain.” Feeling sure of the approval of practical politicians of the machine kind, Daggett can afford to say: “As to the men who have been engaged in this blackmailing scheme to smirch my character, I have nothing but profound contempt.” Think of the man who boldly confesses to the bribery of Greenleaf Smith believing that he has a character to smirch! Yet he has one to lose, according to the standard of judgment among the bosses and heelers who really control our politics.

“The hoof of an unclean beast” is on continued on p. 2 →

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SPEAKER REED’S POLICY OF STRONG GOVERNMENT AND PERPETUATION OF PRIVILEGE—PREPARATIONS FOR ENORMOUS EXPENDITURES OF PUBLIC TREASURE—A CLEAR STATEMENT OF EXPLANATION BY WILLIAM C. P BRECKINRIDGE^sic OF KENTUCKY—THE DIRECT TAX REFUNDING BILL—THE NEW CENSUS BILL—GOVERNOR BEAVER AND BALLOT REFORM—IN THE SHADOW OF THE CAPITAL’S DOME.

WASHINGTON, D. C., Feb. 3.—Whatever else is doubtful, it is clear that Speaker Reed is bent on building up a power that will enable him to over-ride, ruthlessly if need be, all opposition to that policy of strong government and perpetuation of privilege which is shown at every turn to be the policy of the “protection” party. With a backing that will at all times give him a good working majority he will be powerful enough to carry through the house almost any measure that his party may have the boldness to bring forward. And that his party does not lack daring is seen in the appalling array of bills introduced into both houses of congress, which call for the most reckless and wanton expenditure of public treasure. One senator alone (Dolph of Oregon) has introduced bills calling for the appropriation of over $100,000,000. The colossal scheme recommended by the executive department for the building up of a huge navy calls for two or three hundred millions; and nobody ventures to say what it is going to cost to arm the coasts. ·Already pension payments absorb $100,000,000, a third of the revenue, and I am informed by authority from inside the pension office that certificates are being granted at a rate that will soon run the annual expenditure up to $200,000,000. Now comes a bill into the senate granting a bounty to “every non-commissioned officer, musician, artificer, wagoner and private soldier” who served in the army of the United States during the late war and was honorably discharged—payment to be made at the rate of “$10 a month for all the time which such non-commissioned officer, musician, artificer, wagoner and private soldier actually so served between the 12th day of April, 1861, and the 9th day of May, 1865.” Such service covers a period of forty-nine months, which, at $10 a month, would entitle a man enlisted throughout this period to draw $490 from the United States treasury. Who will hazard a guess at what this will cost the country should the bill pass.

As to the significance of Speaker Reed’s action and some of the consequences which must follow, William C. P. Breckinridge, member of the house from Kentucy^sic, says:

“I think the action of the speaker in counting a quorum is as much a result of the influence of those interests in his party which desire legislation for their private ends as it is for the purpose of unseating democrats and putting in contestants. With some exceptions the contestants are not persons whose presence in the house would be expected to interpose any serious obstacle to any well organized assault upon the public treasury; while every one of the democratic contestees is known to be opposed to those assaults, so that the change by seating of the republicans and the unseating of the democrats makes a change of two against economical expenditures and in favor of subsidies and other private legislation, and it is perhaps for this reason more than for any political reason that this unprecedented decision of the speaker has been made. The number of apparently respectable raids upon the treasury is greater than is generally apprehended. Those who are interested in these raids are entirely too well informed to run any risks of the legality of the measures they advocate to have them enacted by the speaker’s quorum rather than by the constitutional quorum, and so it is a condition precedent to their success that a constitutional quorum, and one pliant to their wishes, shall be obtained. I think I may safely prophesy that no subsidy bill will be passed through the house by the speaker’s quorum; that while the republican representatives have, and may hereafter, sustain this ruling in all preliminary

p. 6, col. 3 matters and on all questions which cannot be carried into the courts, they will be very careful not to run the risk of having any final action taken by such a quorum. Mr. Blaine was undubitably^sic correct when he said that as a matter of history in every legislative body where the speaker had undertaken to count a quorum scandal had arisen. And the prophesy contained in this statement will be verified if the ruling of the speaker remains the policy of the house.”

Mr. Breckinridge said furthermore:

“It is evident that the republican party believes that the next house will be largely democratic, and no doubt a large number of their wiser leaders believe that we will win the next presidency. They, however, feel secure of the senate until the end of the next presidency. They judge that this will prevent the repeal of any measures which this congress can enact, and that therefore it is vital to every organized interest which desires to obtain public means for its private purposes that their bills shall become laws during this congress; and that all mere partisan legislation can be enacted, for this would give them six years of annuities from the government and also six years’ control of such states as by their legislation they might secure. It, therefore, becomes essential that the republican majority in the house shall be both safe and pliant. It is understood that the speaker made his ruling without consultation with the leading members of the house, under his judgment that if they were consulted they would protest and be committed against it, whereas if he once made the ruling they would be compelled, no matter with what internal reluctance and disgust, to sustain him. And that he was correct in his judgment is shown by the result that he has been sustained by gentlemen whom there is every reason to believe did not approve the decision. And it shows how one false step leads to others when these gentlemen are compelled to sustain succeeding rulings of the speaker’s on various questions, which rulings there can be no doubt are absolutely unprecedented in this country.”

As may be inferred from Mr. Breckinridge’s statement, there is no ground for doubt that the bill for paying back to the several states and territories and the District of Columbia the sum of $18,000,000 collected under the direct tax act of 1861 will pass the house as it has passed the senate. Speaker Reed’s majority will carry that through, as it may, if it will, carry through other bad measures for so long determinedly and effectually resisted by the democrats in the house.

The republicans responsible for the taking of the eleventh census have apparently seen a great light. Since I wrote to THE STANDARD last week Senator Hale’s committee has reported and the senate has passed a bill appropriating $1,000,000 to ascertain “the number of people who own their own farms and homes, and the amount of mortgage indebtedness thereon.” By this bill the superintendent of the census is also directed to ascertain “the objects for which mortgaged farms and homes have been mortgaged” and “the rate of interest paid upon mortgage loans.” The bill went through the senate with a rush, there being but a brief debate, and only four votes being recorded against it. Those four votes were cast by Senators McPherson of New Jersey, Morrill of Vermont, Sherman of Ohio and Stockbridge of Michigan. Senator Sherman, who had already this session disgraced himself by introducing his federal election bill and by his speech urging the passage of the direct tax refunding bill, declared that if he could by his vote defeat this bill he “should be very glad to do it,” because he deemed it a fruitless and useless undertaking. In the first place, he said, reliable information about the extent of mortgages could not be had, and in the next place, even if it could be had, he did not see of what use it would be to any mortal man, or of what aid it could be to legislation. Senator Evarts, on the other hand, took such a languid interest in the matter that at the voting he stated that, “if necessary to make a quorum he would vote ‘yea.’” But there being a quorum he did not vote. Superintendent Porter says there is no doubt of this bill being passed by the house, and Mr. Dockery of Missouri, who had a week or more ago given up for dead his own bill providing for the same work, concurs in this opinion and believes the ascertaining of these facts is now assured.

The sudden change of republican front on this important matter is probably due to the discovery of a strong sentiment in favor of it and fear that the democrats would carry the measure through. Whatever the motive that influenced them is, however, of small

p. 6, col. 4 importance. The point of significance is that the passage of this measure is the direct work of single tax men—just as the honor of introducing the Australian ballot system in this country is due to single tax men—and it marks the entrance of their influence on national legislation. For, originating in the St. Louis single tax club (Mr. B. C. Keeler, I believe, was its author), a petition requesting this information was indorsed through resolutions by the single tax clubs throughout the United States, was taken up by many of the local assemblies of the Knights of Labor, trades unions and branches of the Farmers’ alliance, and received the urgent support of the most influential part of the labor press. Petitions, letters and newspaper articles kept pouring in upon the committees of congress, the secretary cf^sic the interior and the superintendent of the census until they had to acknowledge the prevalence of the wide-spread demand.

A dispatch having appeared in a daily paper saying that Governor Beaver of Pennsylvania had declared for ballot reform, I called on the governor, who was here during the week, to ascertain if the information was true. Governor Beaver not only assured me that it was true, but said that he himself wrote the dispatch precisely as it appeared. I showed him a copy of THE STANDARD, asking him to read the five requirements of the Australian system as formulated by the New York ballot reform league. He did so, reading them aloud, and he then declared that he could find no fault with them; that on the contrary, he indorsed them, and that he would go further if necessary to make a more rigorous and perfect law. He said, in short, “I believe in taking any steps necessary to guarantee an absolutely secret ballot, and 1 cannot see how any honest man can believe otherwise.” Governor Beaver says, however, that a change in the state constitution will be required before the reform can be brought about in Pennsylvania.

HENRY GEORGE, JR.

THE SOCIAL PROBLEM—WHY LORD DERBY IS WILLING TO VOTE TO BUY OUT IRISH LANDLORDS—PRACTICAL WORK BY MR. BENTLEY IN MANCHESTER—MICHAEL DAVITT’S POSITION.

HYDE NEAR MANCHESTER, Jan. 18.—The pressure of the social problem continues and threatens to cast all others into the shade. The comparatively trifling “improvement in trade” of which so much more is made than is at all warranted by the actual facts of the case, is probably due to the maintenance of peace, but whatever be the case it is quite certain that the persistence of strikes is not due merely to the improvement in trade, but as I have said before, to a very widespread and daily growing discontent on the part of the workers in the conditions under which they are condemned to live. For my part I take leave to doubt whether this much vaunted improvement in trade is a very serious affair. In the poor law district in which I reside, and which is regarded generally as one of the most prosperous communities of working people in England, we are confronted with a like fact, such as this—that in 1888 there was in Hyde one pauper in every 110 of the population, while in 1889, the year of improved trade, we had one pauper in every 102 of the population. And this district was not singular in this respect. Neighboring districts were affected in an exactly similar way.

But after all, the best test of the real condition of things is not the test of figures, but the appreciation of the position of affairs by men like Lord Derby and Lord Dunraven. Lord Dunraven knows perfectly well that there is socia l problem^sic, and he has a remedy. Lord Derby knows also that there is a social problem, though he pretends that it is not serious, and he has no remedy. Lord Dunraven declared his belief the other day that labor had not received its share of the wealth it had helped to produce. Men and women struggled from the cradle to the grave, helpless and hopeless, unrelieved by human wisdom; and this was the result of trying to govern the country upon the doctrine that it was wrong to interfere with the natural results of natural laws. He believed that this state of things was curable in three ways—by the action of the state, by organization, and by public opinion. The state could also deal with foreign immigration. For centuries it had been their boast that the soil of England was free to every man, but he thought they would have to make a sacrifice of sentiment in this respect. It was a good thing that the soil of England should be free to all men, but it was still better that it should be free to all Englishmen. But it was of no use talking about emigration whilst they allowed this constant stream of immigration. They could not eradicate the evils from which the lowest continued on p. 7 →

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A GREAT AND ENTHUSIASTIC MEETING AT DENVER.

WELCOMED TO THE CITY BY THE SINGLE TAX AND GLENARM CLUBS—RECEPTION AFTER THE MEETING—THE PRINTERS SHOW HIM THE CITY—A PLEASANT JOURNEY THUS FAR.

Mr. George arrived in Denver, Col., at noon on Monday, January 27, where he stopped to deliver two lectures under the auspices of the Glenarm club, an association connected with the Congregational church of which Rev. Myron Reed is pastor. He was met at the station by members of the Glenarm and single tax clubs and escorted to the Albany hotel. The first of his lectures was delivered at the Coloseum, the largest hall in Denver, on that evening,to an immense audience that crowded the building. There appeared on the platform with him Judges Hallock, Allen, Decker and Balford, Secretary of State Rice, Rev. Myron Reed, Rev. Dean Harte, Rev. Dr. Broadhead, Hon. C. S. Thomas, Professor Alfred Elder and others. Rev. Myron Reed came upon the platform followed by Mr. George, who was at once recognized by the audience, and they gave him a notable ovation. A German choral society opened the proceedings with Johann Helms’s Song for Liberty, “Fuer die Freiheit.”

After the singing Rev. Myron Reed came forward, saying that ten years ago he had read in the London News a notice of the new book that was pronounced dangerous. Having a liking for dangerous publications, he had purchased a copy of “Progress and Poverty,” and read it carefully: and he would say that to this day the theories advanced in it remained unanswered. He thereupon introduced Mr. George, who was received with prolonged applause.

Mr. George opened his address by referring to the recent formation of the Colorado state single tax league, and an expression of his gratification that those forming it had given so prominent a place to ballot reform in their declaration of principles. He then went on to explain the theory of single tax, and his declaration that it would do away with all existing taxes and utterly sweep away the tariff was received with enthusiastic applause. After his explanation of the single tax, Mr. George talked of the impression created upon him by Denver, and highly complimented its schools. He was listened to intently during the whole speech, and constantly interrupted by applause.

After the lecture was over he was tendered an informal reception by the Graystone club; no speeches were made, but many prominent citizens, including public officials, pressed forward to shake him by the hand. The newspapers give good reports of the meeting and unite in declaring that Mr. George’s reception was really remarkable for the enthusiasm displayed. The News,however,editorially intimates that his theories are dangerous to property, and its reporter queerly enough refers to Mr. George as “the little Englishman.”

The Denver Republican editorially makes the following amusing comment on the probable results of the lecture:

One result of Henry George’s lectures in favor of the single tax theory will be to convince all who hear him that until that remote period, when his plan may possibly be adopted, the very best way to acquire wealth will be to buy real estate in a growing city like Denver. Look out for an immediate advance in the price of corner lots.

On Tuesday, January 28, Mr. George was driven around the city by members of the typographical union of Denver, and made a second address under the auspices of the Glenarm club that evening. The popular interest and enthusiasm surprised as much as it gratified the single tax men of Denver.

Mr. George left for California by the southern route, and in a hasty note, written on the train while passing through New Mexico, he says: “We have had a very good trip so far,” and that he is much pleased with his visit to Denver.

MET AT THE DEPOT AND ESCORTED TO THE MIDLAND HOTEL, WHERE HE IS GREETED BY MANY SINGLE TAX FRIENDS—HIS RESPONSE TO AN ADDRESS OF WELCOME.

Mr. George reached Kansas City at 10 o’clock Sunday morning, January 26, and notwithstanding the short notice that heralded his coming and the shorter duration of his stay, he met with a reception at the Midland hotel, where parlor S had been set aside for that purpose. He was met at the train by President Julian of the single tax club and a committee, and with his wife, who accompanied him, was driven in carriages to the hotel, where breakfast was served in a

p. 8, col. 4 private dining apartment. The party then repaired to parlor S, which was crowded with ladies and gentlemen who had gathered to welcome him. He was greeted with loud applause as he entered the room. Captain H. S. Julian, president of the Kansas City single tax club, introduced Mr. George by saying:

Ladies and Gentlemen of the Single Tax Cause: Let us all rejoice, for the author and finisher of our faith is in our midst this morning. ’Tis said that Pallas Athene sprang from the head of Jupiter fully armored and equipped for battle. So with this great reform in which we are enlisted. It fell from the head of our guest completely equipped with arguments and facts to do battle for the poor and down-trodden of this world. There have been three great democrats who have preached and taught equality, fraternity and justice pure and simple. About [1,800?] years ago that great teacher promised to the world “peace on earth and good will between men,” and he erected a grand edifice; but oh! how it has slipped its foundations. And I often wonder what would be the reflections of the meek and lowly Jesus if he were to return to this earth and see the pomp, pageantry and crime that has been practiced and labeled as done in His name. But I imagine that if He was to return, He would be compelled to retain the Almighty himself as special counsel and the devil as an expert witness to establish the boundaries of the original grant. In 1776 Mr. Jefferson appears and gives to the world the Declaration of Independence. In 1879 Mr. George gave to the world “Progress and Poverty.” I take pleasure in introducing to you Henry George of New York.

Mr. George then came forward and said:

I cannot claim the honor of discovering the truth. Truth is never new and is never hid from those who seek it. There have been democrats and democrats. It is not liberty that is modern. Liberty is as ancient as the first man. Before Christ there was democracy and all men were equal. The truth is growing. Prejudice always blinds against the truth, but the day in which we were spoken of as cranks and communists has passed away. The Christian church has fallen away from some of its grand beliefs, but in all its branches there is an indication of new life and the clergymen have discovered that this is a world in which there is no need for poverty. The fog is clearing away and the brighter stars of hope are again appearing to our longing eyes. From all parts of the earth come messages that the grand work is going on, and in England the line is clearly drawn in politics.

One thing has enormously encouraged me. I speak of the ballot reform. Four years ago when I ran for mayor of New York the subject was first mentioned. Now it has been adopted in many states and will in time spread to all. This is the reform that makes all others possible and has been accomplished. I am not an optimist, but I now see that all currents bear us onward and all winds fill our sails and bear us on to victory. Our work will not pass away, and others will live after us to call us blessed. We are the pioneers of a great reform. In one generation the shackles were stricken from the slaves and slavery abolished; so will we move until industrial slavery is abolished. (Applause).

On motion of the secretary a vote of thanks was tendered Mr. George for his splendid address.

As Mr. George and his wife were about taking their carriage for the depot, Mrs. George asked the members of the club to assemble on the side of the hotel near her, so she could take a Kodac^sic picture. This was done and the club photographed.

THE GOSPEL OF MUGWUMPERY.

The Rev. Dr. Leonard Woolsey Bacon writes in the February Forum on what he calls “A Political Paradox.” Dr. Bacon accepts the common assertion that the republican party of the north includes a great majority of the virtuous and intelligent northern citizens. At the same time he believes that the republican party stands for many political principles and practices at which northern intelligence and virtue revolt. In the co-existence of these two facts lies Dr. Bacon’s paradox.

The republican attitudes and practices at which Dr. Bacon believes the party’s intelligence to revolt are: First, on the related but not identical questions of reduction of revenue, and reduction of exorbitant imposts upon trade; second, on pension robberies; third, on civil service reform; fourth, in the nomination of candidates.

With regard to all these matters Dr. Bacon thinks the democratic party is more nearly in accord with the views of northern intelligence and virtue. In discussing them he strikes some resounding blows for free trade, civil service reform, governmental economy and decent political methods. Mr. Cleveland’s administration at its worst state he conceives to have been as driven snow in comparison with the shameful corruption with which the post office patronage has been handled by “those two eminent Presbyterian elders, Mr. Harrison and Mr. Wanamaker, from the moment that they gripped the reins.”

The piling up of fat surpluses, the maintenance of artificial and arbitrary hinderances to one man’s business and favors to another man’s—this is a policy which commends itself to political “bummers” and treasury thieves; to men who, producing nothing themselves, speculate on the fluctuations of other people’s industry; to betters on elections and “operators” in the lobby; in short, to Senator Hoar’s typical democrat; and yet this is the policy which the democratic party seems to be opposing with an honorable constancy.

In Dr. Bacon’s view, Mr. Blaine’s nomination was made impossible in 1888 from fear of conscience and virtue, as represented by the recalcitrant mugwump. The mugwump was disregarded by the republicans in 1884, when the democratic party triumphed by nominating a man whose sole distinction was that of being “an inflexibly incorrupt executive officer.” In 1888, “brave men’s hearts flowed together in the nomination of a man who had opposed the pension thieves from his place in the senate, who had called God to witness his heart’s devotion to the principles of civil service reform, and whose position as a Presbyterian elder forbade the suspicion that he could be false to such an attestation.”

Dr. Bacon’s explanation of his paradox is that political parties are ruled by leaders, not by the masses; that a party made up of leaders bent on mere success; a respectable body of earnest partisans and a small contingent of corrupt heelers will pander to the last named element.

Dr. Bacon’s remedy is mugwumpery. If a respectable citizen would influence his party let him get out of it. A body of independents can hold under bond for good behavior, not one great party, but two.

THE ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF BALLOT REFORM.

First—All ballots shall be official and shall be printed and distributed at public expense.

Second—The names of all candidates for the same office shall be printed on the same ballot.

Third—All ballots shall be delivered to the voter within the polling place on election day by sworn public officials.

Fourth—Only official ballots so delivered shall be voted. The voter shall be guaranteed absolute privacy in preparing his ballot, and the secrecy of the ballot made compulsory.

Fifth—Voters shall have the right to nominate candidates by properly certified petitions.

MAKING READY IN JERSEY.

KNIGHTS FOR BALLOT REFORM.

The state convention of the Knights of Labor now setting at Troy is practically unanimous for ballot reform. Twenty-six resolutions in favor of the reform were sent to the secretary’s desk in the first day’s session. Representatives of the Farmers’ alliance and the Farmers’ club were on hand. A special dispatch to THE STANDARD says resolutions in favor of the reform were passed unanimously, and all local assemblies were directed to take similar action.

THREE REPORTS AT ALBANY.

The senate committee on general laws has decided to make a favorable report on the Saxton ballot reform bill, and the democratic members of the committee will present two minority reports. One is signed by Mr. Cantor and Mr. Brown, and advocates the passage of the Linson bill. The other, signed by Norton Chase of Albany, objects to both bills.

Mr. Chase objects to the Saxton bill because it is simply a ballot reform and not a broad electoral reform act.

INDIANA’S NEW LAW ATTACKED.

Republicans of Indiana will seek to prove the new Australian ballot law of that state unconstitutional. The clause that will be attacked, it is said, disfranchises Indianians employed in government departments at Washington hitherto voting in Indiana.

Objection to another clause of the law will be raised on the ground that it requires a poll clerk to prepare the ballot of an elector who cannot read.

The republicans fear the effects of the law upon their party strength.

GOVERNOR CAMPBELL IS SANGUINE.

Governor Campbell of Ohio said to a reporter in New York the other day that the ballot reform bill to be introduced into the leislature^sic in accordance with his recommendation is now being prepared by Guy Matton^sic, a young democratic member from Cincinnati, who will have charge of the measure. The ballot will probably be similar to that used in Massachusetts, but with additional protection for illiterate voters. Governor Campbell is certain that the legislature will pass the bill.

FOR THE MASSACHUSETTS SYSTEM.

The State federation of labor, in session at Albany, declared for ballot reform. The subject came up on a divided report from the committee on resolutions on a resolution favoring the Australian system. The majority of the committee reported in favor of eliminating the words “Australian system,” leaving the resolution simply in favor of ballot reform, while the minority report favored the resolution as it stood in its original form. A substitute was offered favoring ballot reform with an official ballot only.

In the discussion that followed, the advocates of the Australian system, who were in the majority, contended that the Linson bill opened the way for bribing the voter with its unofficial ballot, and that the Saxton bill was imperfect, because it failed to provide for a general registration. The Australian system, as operated in Massachusetts, was the only true remedy for existing evils. The whole matter eventually was sent back to the committee. And later the substitute indorsing the Massachusetts system and general registration was adopted by the convention, the vote being 20 to 8.

The Nineteenth assembly district committee, at its first meeting of the year, adopted resolutions favoring the “tariff reform measures of Grover Cleveland,” ballot reform as the burning question of the hour, and civil

p. 11, col. 2 service reform. The committee will recommend the county democracy organization of the district to adopt these principles and form clubs for their promotion.

Eight county democracy district organizations, those of the Fifth, Tenth, Eleventh, Fourteenth, Eighteenth, Twentieth and Twenty-third, declared for ballot reform on Monday night.

The New Jersey legislature unanimously passed a joint resolution for the appointment of a joint committee made up of four members of each party in the senate and six of each party in the house to prepare a ballot reform bill. The committee is to give hearings to citizens upon the subject matter of the bill.

The committee is as follows: House—Marsh, Mullone, Kerr, Voorhees, Erwin and Cole. Senate—Martin, Carter, Werts and McDonald.

The joint committee organized by electing Senator Martin chairman and Marsh secretary. Voorhees, McDonald and Werts were appointed committee on rules. It was decided to give the first public hearing on Wednesday next.

AMUSING PROPAGANDA WORK.

To the Editor of The Standard—SIR: Here is an incident which convinces me that there is no limit to the diversity of methods for propaganda work on the part of converts to the single cause^sic:

I had occasion a couple of weeks ago to spend a few hours in the neighboring city of Hillsdale in this state. In company with two friends—a traveling salesman and a member of one of the leading wholesale houses in this city—I took supper at Smith’s hotel, the leading hostelry on the line of the Lake Shore road between Toledo and Chicago. While in the wash room of the hotel a scrawl on the wall attracted my attention, and I proceeded to decipher it. It was in three different hand writings, in as many paragraphs, as follows:

Henry George’s land tax is a good thing—for d——n fools. Ha! ha!

“In the vain laughter of folly wisdom hears half its applause.”

If you have sense enough, read “Progress and Poverty.”

I could not restrain a hearty laugh, and my friends were at my side in a moment to know what it was all about. But as they know very little of Henry George, and absolutely nothing of “Progress and Poverty,” they failed to enjoy the situation with me in the least. So I promised to elucidate matters after supper. The result was that for more than two hours, and up to within eight minutes of train time, there was nothing else talked of in the waiting room of that hotel except free trade, tariff reform, high protection and the single tax, and no less than half a dozen promised me they would read “Progress and Poverty” before making any more arguments in favor of high protection. And as we left the hotel, one of the attendants remarked: “Why, that’s the darndest thing I ever saw. About once a week some fellow like you drops in and makes a fuss about that scribbling, until I swear we hear more tariff and tax than we did last fall.”

If this reaches the eyes of the “scribblers,” they may know their work is bearing fruit.

L. W. HOCH.

Adrian, Mich., Jan. 28, 1890.

AN EPISCOPAL MINISTER SEES A LIGHT.

To the Editor of The Standard—SIR: There is an impression abroad, I am sorry to say, that the clergy has generally been found indifferent or hostile to the great question of the single tax. I cannot say that I am surprised to hear it. If I had not had an attack of the grip I would be indifferent myself—not from any lack of interest in the truth, but from sheer ignorance. I thought I knew what Mr. George’s theory was, though I had never read his books, and I did not think anything of it. But my conversion was due to reading his books during an enforced idleness not long since. So don’t despair of the clergy, or lose confidence in the churches. They simply don’t know what you are doing, or trying to do. It is their work in which you are engaged; and they ought to be in it; and they will come into it before long. So don’t let the firing slacken. I shall do what I can to arouse the clergy of the Episcopal church in this part of the country. What we have to fight is ignorance; and that can be fought by literature and public speaking. If we could get “Social Problems” and “Social Aspects of Christianity” (by Professor Ely of Johns Hopkins) into the hands of the clergy in this country, or in any one diocese or state, you would hear a rattling among the dry bones. These books would constitute the thin edge of the wedge,

You can count on me as a hearty sympathizer and supporter of the single tax doctrine, and I will push it for all it is worth,

Winchester, Va,

p. 11, col. 3

GOOD WORK AT MONTCLAIR.

Montclair, N. J., Feb 3^sic —We have in Montclair a tariff reform club of about fifty members, nearly all of whom were at the period of their enrolment into the club, of a very mild type of reformer. The dozen of us who have had from the first a lively interest in the welfare of the cause, have had a long and weary time of it in keeping up a sufficient interest among the bulk of the membership to hold them together. We are at last, however, progressing finely. We have adopted the plan of taking a book and reading it aloud at our meetings, with opportunity to any one to interrupt and discuss. After some opposition the committee selected for the first book so to be read, “Protection or Free Trade?” The result has been most encouraging. The prejudice against the book because it was by Mr. George has entirely faded away, and a great many minds have been prepared for the reception of all the truths he teaches. Then all who hear are visibly emerging from the chrysalis state of tariff reform and becoming free traders, and the meetings run themselves.

W. S. McDuff of Atchinson, Kan^sic., regrets that he can no longer take a Chicago paper, but says that the election of Benjamin Harrison and a republican congress has made times hard for the western farmers and he must economize. Manufacturers have reduced wages and the price of corn has dropped to 20 cents a bushel, while the price of grinding a bushel of corn into meal is 30 cents. Sorghum brings $2 a ton to the farmer, while the manufacturer clears on the same article $3.85 per ton. If Mr. McDuff made the mistake of casting a vote for protection in 1888, perhaps he will be wise enough to set himself right and help to set the country right in 1892.

MR. CLEVELAND AGAIN HEARD FROM.

Ex-President Cleveland tells the editor of the Nashville American that he is more confident than ever as to the triumph of tariff reform. The republicans would have trouble with the revolt against protection in New England and the northwest.

These people, said Mr. Cleveland, are already beginning to realize that the party which persists in a course hostile to their interests is their enemy, and that the party which is fighting to give them what they want is their friend, no matter if it does contain confederate brigadiers.

He spoke of ballot reform as one of the most important measures that have come up for years.

ONE DISGUSTED FARMER.

A farmer of Breckenridge, Mich., writes to the New York Weekly Witness, protesting against the results of protection. He says that he works thirteen hours a day in summer and he realizes about twenty-five cents for each day’s work. “Talk about cheap pauper labor in Europe! Show me a country in the civilized world where they pay such starvation wages as is paid to those poor deluded dupes of the monopolists—the farmers.”

He declares that a majority of the farmers in 1888 voted to shut out competition in the necessaries of life. “We had ‘protected wool’ pulled over our eyes, and as the wintry blasts now whistle through our cotton and shoddy garments, the woolen clothes we would like to protect us from the cold are entirely beyond our reach. We have raised the wool, but cannot afford to wear it. I hope farmers who voted for the present state of affairs are well pleased. If they are not, perhaps they will be at the close of this administration. The price of grain and stock have gone down; but the price of some goods has gone up, interest has advanced, trusts have multiplied, the men who duped the farmers are holding good, fat offices—and the end is not yet^sic.

The Witness quotes editorially part of its correspondent’s paragraph on wool and says that it contains sound common sense and practical political economy.

SOCIETY NOTES.

The second series of subscription balls was inaugurated at Sherry’s. The first series under the patronage of Mrs. W. W. Astor, Mrs. Frederick Bronson and Mrs. August Belmont, jr., currently known as the “Howling Swells,” was started early in the month and two others will be given. The second series, which was started with the entertainment last week, was under the care and guidance of Mrs. Van Rensselaer Cruger, Mrs. Elliott Roosevelt, Mrs. Coleman Drayton and Mrs. Adolf Ladenburg, whose subscribers are simply known as “The Swells,” the difference in characterization denoting somewhat different ideas held by the two groups regarding the necessity for exclusiveness in society. The affair was quite pretty and very successful, the only drawback being of course, that it was Saturday night and the dancing ceased at 12 o’clock. Nothing but the cotillion was danced, and as New York women are firmly established in the habit of reaching such entertainments at a pretty late hour, it goes without saying that there was very little cotillion. The supper was as a matter of course eaten after midnight, which indicates that the festive palate may

p. 11, col. 4 be catered to on Sunday morning without any danger of breaking the Sabbath, although the fantastic toe may not be indulged.—[New York World.

“Judge, my family was starving. I had begged for something to eat for them in vain. I got desperate and crazy, and I stole the flour.”

This was the story told to Justice Stilsing this morning by George Gannon, thirty nine years old, of Provost and Twelfth streets. He had at half-past 9 o’clock Saturday night stolen a bag of flour from in front of William Kerr’s grocery at Grove and Fourth streets. Officer Donovan saw him take the flour, and arrested him. On the way to the station house the prisoner struck the officer in the face.

“I am a blacksmith, sir,” Gannon said this morning to his honor, “but I am unable to find work. I have walked all over this city and New York with no success at getting employment. I had been two days without anything to eat on Saturday, and the temptation to steal the flour was too great for me to overcome. My wife has pawned everything to procure food for our children. She even pawned the shoes from her feet.” He said his wife had procured tickets for seventy-five cents’ worth of groceries from Overseer of the Poor Hewitt, and was told she could get no more. He was remanded until the police shall investigate his story.—[Jersey City Journal, Jan. 20.

One of the most notable and expensive bouquets ever got up in New York was carried at a Patriarch ball last winter by Mrs. Frederick Neilson, a sister of Mr. Frederick Gebhard. The affair was made up of mignonette, ivy and greenly tinted orchids, and was what is known among the florists as a green bouquet. The notable and unusual thing about the bouquet, however, was the fact of its being fitted up with tiny electric lights. The lights were furnished with electricity from a small battery which the fair wearer had disposed somewhere about her costume, and she could turn the illumination on or off at pleasure.—[New York World.

It is curious how the most dangerous trades are overrun by applicants for work. The electric light companies never find difficulty in securing all the linemen that they want in spite of the fact that the dangers of their business have so thoroughly exploited^sic by the newspapers and by recent events. Workmen in the wall paper factories frequently joke over the tradition of their trade that a man’s life is usually shortened at least ten years by his work. The same thing is true of the men who handle leather papers and whose lungs become coated with the dust arising from them. In certain factories the air is laden with tiny brass filings, which also hasten the approach of death. But probably the most peculiar advertisement ever printed in a newspaper appeared in a Connecticut paper recently. It was signed by a firm of tower builders. It called for a man to work on scaffolding, and wound up in this manner: “Applicants must be young and strong and courageous. We warn all seekers for this job that it is of a most dangerous nature and that few men continue in it more than a few years. In fact, it is almost sure death to the workman who follows this occupation.” The fact that the advertisement was withdrawn in a few days would indicate either that applicants were not frightened away by its prediction or that they were.—[New York Sun.

The reason that we hear so much about fashionable bouquets nowadays costing all the way from $25 to $50, and even $75, is that exquisitely tinted and bewilderingly shaped orchids are now used in their composition, and these flowers are more expensive than the rarest roses have ever been. They do not equal the costliness of the tulips during the tulip craze in Holland, but a bold stride is made in this direction. A few years ago orchids were comparatively unknown, and bouquets made up as they were, of red, white or pink roses, were comparatively inexpensive. Orchids are not only known now but they are very popular, and as they are high-priced they are very fashionable.—[New York World.

IT WILL SAY, “I AM A DEMOCRAT.”

Boston Globe.

The New York Sun is owned body and breeches by the republican party.—[Albany Argus.

The Sun is not a democratic newspaper.—[Indianapolis Sentinel.

What has our luminous New York contemporary to say to these charges?

LAND WAS TOO DEAR TO GIVE HIM ROOM ENOUGH TO WAG HIS TAIL.

Puck.

Miss Kennelworth—He’s a very pretty collie; but I don’t see why he wags his tail up and down, instead of sideways.

Mrs. Morris Parke—The poor thing has always lived with us in our Harlem flat, and that’s the only way he could wag it.

MARCHING ON, NOTWITHSTANDING.

Indianapolis Sentinel.

Notwithstanding Halstead, and Dana, and Quay, and Ben Butler, and Gorman, the cause of ballot reform is marching on.

A WARNING FOR OUR GOVERNOR.

Boston Globe.

No opponent of ballot reform will get a presidential nomination in 1892.

SINGLE TAX PLATFORM.

The single tax contemplates the abolition of all taxes upon labor or the products of labor—that is to say, the abolition of all taxes save one tax levied on the value of land, irrespective of improvements.

Since in all our states we now levy some tax on the value of land, the single tax can be instituted by the simple and easy way of abolishing, one after another, all other taxes now levied, and commensurately increasing the tax on land values, until we draw upon that one source for all expenses of government; the revenue being divided between local governments, state governments and the general government, as the revenue from direct taxes is now divided between tne^sicsic local and state governments, or a direct assessment being made by the general government upon the states and paid by them from revenues collected in this manner.

The single tax is not a tax on land, and therefore would not fall on the use of land and become a tax on labor.

It is a tax, not on land, bnt^sic on tne value of land. Thus it would not fall on all land, but only on valuable land, and on that not in proportion to the use made of it, but in proportion to its value—the premium which the user of land must pay to the owner, either in purchase money or in rent, for permission to use valuable land. It would thus be a tax, not on the use or improvement of land, but on the ownership of land, taking what would otherwise go to the owner as owner, and not as user.

In assessments under the single tax all valnes^sic created by individual use or improvement would be excluded, and the only value taken into consideration would be the value attaching to the bare land by reason of neighborhood, etc. Thus the farmer wculd^sic have no more taxes to pay than the speculator who held a similar piece of land idle, and the man who on a city lot erected a valuable building would be taxed no more than the man who held a similar lot vacant.

The single tax, in short, would call upon men to contribute to the public revenues not in proportion to what they produce or accumulate, but in proportion to the value of the natural opportunities they hold. It would compel them to pay just as much for holding land idle as for putting it to its fullest use.

The single tax, therefore, would—

1. Take the weight of taxation off of the agricultural districts wheu^sic land has little or no value irrespective of improvements, and put it on towns and cities where bare land rises to a value of millions of dollars per acre.

2. Dispense with a multiplicity of taxes and a horde of taxgatherers, simplify government and greatly reduce its cost.

3. Do away with the fraud, corruption and gross inequality inseparable from our present methods of taxation, which allow the rich to escape while they grind the poor. Land cannot be hid or carried off, and its value can be ascertained with greater ease and certainty than any other.

4. Give us with all the world as perfect freedom of trade as now exists between the states of our Union, thus enabling our people to share through free exchanges in all the advantages which nature has given to other countries, or which the peculiar skill of other peoples has enabled them to attain. It would destroy the trusts, monopolies, and corruptions which are the outgrowtns^sic of the tariff. It would do away with the fines and penalties now levied on any one who improves a farm, erects a house, builds a machine, or in any way adds to the general stock of wealth. It would leave every one free to apply labor or expend capital in production or exchange without fine or restriction, and would leave to each the full product of his exertion.

5. It would, on the other hand, by taking for public uses that value which attaches to land by reason of the growth and improvement of the community, make the holding of land unprofitable to the mere owner and profitable only to the user. It would thus make it impossible for speculators and monopolists to hold natural opportunities unused or only half used, and would throw open to labor the illimitable field of employment which the earth offers to man. It would thus solve the labor problem, do away with involuntary poverty, raise wages in all occupations to the full earnings of labor, make overproduction impossible until all human wants are satisfied, render labor saving inventions a blessing to all, and cause such an enormous production and such an equitable distribution of wealth as would give to all comfort, leisure and participation in the advantages of an advancing civilization.

The ethical principles on which the single tax is based are:

1. Each man is entitled to all that his labor produces. Therefore no tax should be levied on the products of labor.

2. All men are equally entitled to what God has created and to what is gained by the general growth and improvement of the community of which they are a part. Therefore, no one should be permitted to hold natural opportunities without a fair return to all for any special privilege thus accorded to him, and that value which the growth and improvement of the community attaches to land should be taken for the use of the community.

p. 12, col. 2

NEW BRIGHTON’S ASSESSMENT.

EQUALIZING ASSESSMENTS.

Something has roused the assessors of this city to the inadequacy of current assessments on unimproved property, as the appended comparison of assessments in 1888 and 1889 will show. These properties were sold during the week ending February 1.

THE PETITION.

SINGLE TAX ENROLMENT COMMITTEE, 36 CLINTON PLACE, NEW YORK, Feb. 4, 1890.

The committee is about to re-arrange and correct its enrolment of “workers” and it asks the readers of THE STANDARD who are thoroughgoing single taxers, to send in their names and addresses, and also the name and address of any person whom they know to be thoroughly in sympathy with our reform. A postal card with simply the name and address plainly written is all that is necessary.

Subscriptions toward expenses of this committee’s work for the week ending February 4, are as follows:

G. E. Hubbard, El Paso, Tex. . . . 6 00 James R. Carrett^sic (add.) Boston, Mass. 2 00 $8 00 Subscriptions previously acknowledged in THE STANDARD . . . . 2,734 70 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,742 70

Cash contributions for the week ending February 4 are as follows:

B. F. Snyder, Tecumseh, Mich. . . 1 00 William Gaston ” ” . . 60 Sundry contributions in postage stamps . . . . . . . . . . 1 99 $3 49^sic Cash contributions previously acknowledged in THE STANDARD . . 478 54 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . $482 03

The enrolment now stands as follows:

Reported last week . . . . . . . 73,343 Received during the week ending Feb. 4 . . . . . . . . . . 663 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,006

WM. T. CROASDALE, Chairman.

NEW YORK CITY.

BROOKLYN.

Emily A. Deverall, Brooklyn, E. D.—A most enjoyable and successful meeting of the Eastern district single tax club took place Wednesday, January 29, at the new meeting place, Woman’s Christian temperance hall, corner Bedford avenue and South Third street. Messrs. Jakeway, McGregor and Joseph Dana Miller of Jersey City gave short addresses that were much applauded. Several members of L. A. 1260, K. of L. were present, and invited single taxers to their meetings. Our club meets every Wednesday night, and visitors are heartily welcomed, particularly women, who certainly should take an interest in this question, which is of the first importance to them and their children.

The Eighteenth ward single tax club of Brooklyn will have a mass meeting to-morrow evening (Thursday) at Washington hall, Broadway, near Park avenue, when Thomas G. Shearman will deliver the address. Other speakers will be present and vocal and instrumental entertainment will be given by Miss Fannie and Master Albert C. Weston.

NEW YORK STATE.

ADVOCATING THE SINGLE TAX BEFORE THE LEGISLATURE—A CONVENTION CALLED FOR FEBRUARY 16.

Levi H. Turner, Charleston^sic.—The Massachusetts legislature appointed a committee to take testimony regarding improved methods of taxation. Exceedingly short notice was given, as the resolution was adopted about the 15th of January, and they were instructed to begin their sessions on the 31st. A single tax conference was hurriedly called for the 19th, and a committee of twenty-five was appointed to prepare a petition and have it printed and mailed to a large number of individuals and to each state industrial organization, requesting an immediate response and the appointment of a delegate to represent them at the hearing. The work was so thoroughly done that on the morning of the 31st a large representative delegation, headed by William Lloyd Garrison, appeared before the legislative committee at the state house. Mr. Garrison opened the argument for our side, and showed that there was but one just tax—that upon land values. Then, in evidence, came James R. Carrett^sic, a well known conveyancer of Boston, in favor of the single tax; then ex-Senator Thomas J. Hastings of Worcester, who was attacked by a farmer member of the legislative committee, who accused the senator of being a party to a scheme “that should be called a plan to confiscate every farm in Massachusetts;” then came S. H. Howes of Southboro, a farmer, who rather disconcerted the farmer legislator by favoring the single tax from a farmer’s standpoint, making a deep impression. George W. Cox, president of the single tax league of Malden, and E M. White^sic, secretary of the Boston single tax league, closed the argument for the petitioners, and the remonstrants wore invited^sic to step forward and present their objections; but no remonstrants appearing on the horizon, Mr. Quincy of the legislative committee invited our committee to present more evidence if we had it, whereupon Andrew Garbrett, representing the single tax committee of Beachmont^sic: William F. Morrill, president of the Cambridge single tax league, and Professor Hamlin Garland, president of the Boston league, fired some more basic truths on taxation at the committee for the remainder of the session.

All persons interested in the advance of the single tax reform in Massachusetts are requested to meet in convention for the purpose of forming a permanent organization at 987 Washington street, Boston, Sunday, February 16, at 3 p. m.

LEVI H. TURNER,

Secretary of single tax legislative committee, 272 Bunker Hill street, Charlestown, Mass.

John Lavis, Dorchester.—Last week in this congressional district, represented by John F. Andrew, we had three meetings on the “single tax question;” the 24th in Roxbury, 27th in Dorchester and the 30th in Mt. Bowdoin. The leaven is working well in this district. At our meeting in Dorchester there were five ministers present, and each of them, after the meeting, were desirous of learning more about the single tax, and so expressed themselves. We distributed to each person some literature. There were a dozen ladies in the audience. And we must have made a good impression, for every one present at the close of the meeting signed our petition to the legislature. There were over one hundred present.

A SINGLE TAX MEETING IN A CHURCH—A LECTURE BY W. J. GORSUCH.

S. T., New Haven.—The best single tax meeting we ever had here was held last Sunday evening, Feb. 2. The pastor of the church of the Messiah (Unitarian) gave up his pulpit to Professor Hamlin Garland and James A, Herne^sic, the first gentleman talking on the single tax and the latter reading “Under the Lion’s Paw.” Mr. Squires, one of our best known citizens, presided, and an audience of over four hundred were present, composed mainly of prominent people. This meeting has done good.

W. J. Gorsuch lectured at Madison on the 21st inst., to an enthusiastic audience.

INTERESTING NEWS ITEMS—THE MEETING OF THE STATE CONVENTION.

A. R. Wynn, Toledo.—I arrived at Tecumseh, Mich., January 20, and found our single tax men there becoming more and more active as time rolls on. Mr. George’s article on the temperance question in the Arena promises to run through the prohibition camp in that locality, and will do much good. At Clinton, Mich., about six months ago, one of our petitions was signed by Mr. Downs, an honest, industrious shoemaker and a strong believer in “protection.” He told me last Monday that he had been receiving some literature from the single tax committee, had read it and found many things he could indorse. He further stated that he did not care how soon the single tax was the

p. 13, col. 2 law of the land. At Ridgeway, Mich., two farmers signed the petition, and seemed glad to have the opportunity. David Sears at Saline, Mich., is also doing good work for free trade.

Dr. David DeBeck, Cincinnati.—Our club has just moved into its commodious and elegantly furnished new club room in Bradford’s block (Palace hotel building), northwest corner of Sixth and Vine streets. The room is 17x45 feet, on the second floor. Nearly its whole front is of plate glass. It is heated by steam. On Saturday, February 8, the club will inaugurate the new headquarters by an informal reception from 3 to 11 p. m. All friends, sympathizers, and even opponents, are invited to be present.

Cliff S. Walker, Cincinnati.—Our state committee had a successful meeting at Columbus, Sunday, January 20^sic. Mr. Breton of Cleveland, a most active and energetic man, was elected as chairman for the ensuing year.

THE INDIANAPOLIS SINGLE TAX LEAGUE IN THE PROCESSION, THOUGH NOT MAKING MUCH NOISE.

L. P. Custer, Indianapolis.—The single tax league of Indianapolis is steadily keeping pace with the march of events, although not making much noise. We have opened our reading and club room. It is located in Mansur block, corner Washington and Alabama streets, on second floor, facing Washington street. It will seat fifty persons, and is altogether a splendid room for the purpose intended. We will be thankful for books, pictures, etc., that our friends may wish to donate to the club. They can be sent to the rooms, or to me at the postal telegraph office, No. 11 South Meridian street.

Henry Sdrakel, Indianapolis.—The people here are ready for a big dose of tariff reduction if given by absolute single tax free trade doctors.

THE “CAT” APPEARS TO A LEARNED JUDGE—JUDGE BROWN’S LECTURE—INTERESTING NEWS.

Warren W. Bailey, Chicago.—Our meeting last night (January 30) was one of the most successful in the history of the club, many members of the legal profession gracing the occasion with their presence in response to a special invitation.

Mr. Brown’s address on “The legal aspects of the single tax” was a powerful presentation of the question. He held the floor for an hour and a half. Long and enthusiastic applause followed as Mr. Brown took his seat, and at the conclusion of the meeting the gentleman was warmly congratulated on his really telling effort.

Mr. Marshall Beck, who has been absent for nearly two years, followed Mr. Brown in a five-minute speech that was gracefully complimentary to the orator of the evening.

But the surprise of the evening was the response of Jonathan Taylor to a hearty call for a speech. In terms as clean cut as a cameo and as clear as a crystal he avowed his belief in the fundamental doctrines of “Progress and Poverty.” The audience was quick to see and appreciate the significance of the declaration, for Mr. Taylor is one of the leading democrats of Chicago and a man of unimpeachable integrity, and his accession to our ranks is a gain of the very first importance.

Another and a still more significant event was taking place at about the same moment that Mr. Taylor was declaring his belief in the single tax. In the magnificent tenth story dining hall of the new Auditorium hotel a notable assemblage of solid citizens—bankers, merchants, board of trade operators, politicians and preachers, were enjoying the hospitalities of the Chicago real estate exchange, whose annual banquet was in progress. Many able speakers were present, but none attracted more attention or re-ceived quicker applause, than the Hon. George Driggs, of the Circuit bench, who responded to the toast proposed by the chairman, “The Single Tax.” As a sign of the times Judge Driggs’s speech is worth reprinting in full in THE STANDARD:

You ask me to speak on “Single Tax,” or rather your committee has compelled me to do so. Whoever becomes interested in this matter, to the extent of reading even a slight portion of the fundamental literature pertaining to it, will be at once impressed with the foundation sentiment which underlies and is represented in the arguments of those who assume the affirmative of the question, viz., to prevent the strong or the wealthy from oppressing the weak and the poor. It cannot be seriously charged, I take it, that the men who are most prominent in the discussion in favor of single tax have any base or ultra-selfish motives in their championship. That they are in earnest in their endeavor to proclaim a new plan of salvation for thousands who are suffering and who cannot rise above a level, which to them is obnoxious, I for one firmly believe. To realize that in this country the only one thing which a man without land can of right use, without the let or hinderance of any other man, is the air he breathse^sic, is somewhat startling, when we at the same instant appreciate what is practically a fact—that the face of the earth, or an undivided interest therein, which may belong to him as a child of nature in the same proportion

p. 13, col. 3 as the air he breaths^sic, is fenced against him by custom or law, whichever way he may turn. It is said that he may without restraint enjoy the freedom of the air necessary for his very existence, but that he may not in perfect freedom and of inherent right stand and breathe the breath of life on any spot of earth.

It has been tersely suggested that if the selfish ingenuity of man could rise to the occasion, or descend to it, the very air would be bottled and sold for gain, and he who could not buy the necessary amount to sustain life would perish as the insatiate vender shouted “Next!” Such statements shock the sensibilities of men and cause them to search for answers in the practical necessities of government, and some are satisfied with the response that in order to enjoy the benefits of government and of liberty each must surrender some portion of that which he may believe to be his inherent rights; and until a practically recent period in this country it has been thought by the majority of men that it was best to surrender a little of almost everything belonging to them by reason of inherent right to the end that all might be benefited. As I understand the proposition, single tax is this: That the state should tax the soil, and the soil only; that in doing so it should consider the soil as it came from the hand of the Creator, without anything that man has put upon it; that all other property—in short, everything that man has got—is to be acquired, enjoyed and transmitted as at present; that the rate of annual taxation should equal the rate of annual rental, and that the proceeds of the tax should not only be applied to the purposes of government, but to any other purposes that the legislature from time to time may think desiraable^sic, and even to dividing them among the people.

It is suggested that land, as at present held, cannot be rented at fair values considering the rights of all parties therein. This proposition has been, to some degree, met by the inquiry, “Does any farmer now hesitate to let the land standing in his name at a fair rental as fixed by surrounding values?” And what shall we say of land which does not pay to operate, or of land that is operated at a loss? Again how shall rental values be fixed? By auction? Will it be begging the question to further inquire what will the state do that is not favored with bids sufficiently large to meet the expenses of the yearly necessities? And, perchance, there should be found a man who could pay no tax even if he contracted with the state to do so. Should he be told to “move on”? Where would he move to? Where would he, under this new order of things, find the spot on earth upon which he might stand and say: “This is mine; no further will I go.” The reply may be that under the new dispensation he will not fail to pay his tax and will not have to “move on.” Heaven grant it may be so if the proposed change shall be consummated.

WARREN W. BAILEY.

C. F. Perry, Quincy.—At the last two meetings of our club the subject was “Special taxation for school improvements, with special reference to Quincy,” and being a very practical question here now, we are arousing considerable interest. On motion of Alderman Gillespie (a member of our club), a motion was unanimously adopted instructing our secretary to invite the city council to be present at the meeting on the 24th, when it had been decided to renew the discussion. The invitation was accepted by a unanimous vote, but when the day came a majority of the aldermen had forgotten all about it. Several came, however, and having an unusual attendance of other citizens, the meeting proved highly interesting and exceedingly satisfactory to us. One-fourth of the aldermen and a number of private citizens have admitted publicly that our suggestion is the most equitable that has been proposed.

Rev. S. H. Dana was unable, on account of the grip, to deliver his promised address on the 31st ult., but will do so later on. The Rev. R. V. Atkinson will speak to us on February 7 and Lyman McCarl on February 14.

THE CAUSE IN ST. LOUIS AND KANSAS CITY BENEFITED BY MR. GEORGE’S VISIT.

Percy Pepoon, St. Louis.—Henry George’s visit has doubled the impetus of our movement. We now expect to have no difficulty in raising the money to pay for Music hall, which seats 3,500 people, for Father Huntington’s single tax address the latter part of this month.

Robert Cumming, the noted single tax coal miner of Duquoin, Ill., spoke at the single tax league last Sunday afternoon, and after his address a mock congress was organized.

Thursday evening the league was addressed by Hamlin Russell.

THE SINGLE TAX LEAGUE ORGANIZES A LARGE COMMITTEE TO ASSIST THE LEGISLATURE TO REVISE THE TAX LAWS

C. J. Buell, Minneapolis.—We have moved into our new quarters in the West hotel, where we held our first meeting on January 21. It was a tremendous success. Governor A. R. McGill spoke on “The abolition of the law imposing a tax on real estate mortgages.”

We are going to take a hand in the lawmaking of Minnesota, to the extent of recommeding^sic such amendments to the constitution and laws of the state as will remove the irregularities of our present system of taxation. At a late meeting Messrs. C. A. Pillsbury, A. R. McGill, J. C. Haynes and myself were appointed a committee to suggest one

p. 13, col. 4 hundred names of gentlemen who would serve on a committee to carry out the recommendation above. The club committee has reported. The large committee is a representative one in every sense of the word, among them being J. C. Haynes, a well known lawyer, president of A. D. T. company and president of the state association of democratic societies; F. B. Long, Fred Kees and L. S. Buffington, leading architects; O. C. Wyman, T. B. Janney, Hugh Harrison and J. C. Ehiel, heavy jobbers; W. M. Tenney, W. L. Bassett and O. C. Merriam, lumbermen; twenty newspaper editors; and many representatives of labor organizations. Single tax men, outside the league, are so thick here that you run across them everywhere.

SUGGESTING A METHOD BY WHICH FARMERS WILL BECOME INTERESTED IN THE SINGLE TAX.

Henry Brown, Amy.—For several months past I have placed THE STANDARD in the Free library in Eau Claire, and after being read there I leave them at the co-operative store (owned mostly by Knights of Labor) for distribution. The single tax idea is spreading in Eau Claire.

Farmers here are slow to see the benefit of placing all taxes on land. They can more easily see the advantage of free trade and of exempting their improvements and farming utensils, household furniture and stock from taxes. If the single tax doctrine were presented to them in that way I think they would soon fall into line like old soldiers.

THOMAS G. SHEARMAN ADDRESSES THE BALTIMORE CLUB ON “THE MENACE OF PLUTOCRACY.”

S. T., Baltimore.—Thomas G. Shearman lectured here on Thursday evening, January 30, on “The menace of ulutocracy^sic.” Mr. J. Ogden, president of the local single tax club, presided, and there was a large audience, made up of ladies, single taxers, Knights of Labor, students of Johns Hopkins university, and persons in various other walks of life. Mr. Shearman referred to his recent widely quoted article in the Forum, which included a long list of persons with over $20,000,000. He declared that his figures had been successfully assailed in but two instances, and that the list as corrected showed sixty-seven persons whose wealth aggregates $2,500,000,000, or an average of $37,000,000 each, After^sic making allowance for possible errors, Mr. Shearman believed he was understating the case in asserting that 100,000, constituting less than one per cent of the population, own very much more of the wealth of this country than the other ninety-nine per cent. If the Boston tax list be accepted as a fair average of the country, 50,000 families own one-half of all the assessed wealth in the United States. This greatly underestimates the truth.

From this point Mr. Shearman preached the familiar remedy of free trade and the single tax.

The Sun, which published nearly three columns of Mr. Shearman’s speech, declares that though “the reader may differ from the lecturer, yet he cannot help conceding that the subject is handled in an unusually interesting style.”

The single tax men here work chiefly through the public press, and the attention given by the newspapers to Mr. Shearman’s lecture will greatly help the movement. The single tax league will meet hereafter every Monday night at the northeast corner of Baltimore and Gray streets.

A LEADING DEMOCRAT GIVES HIS UNBIASED OPINION OF GEORGE A MASTER WORKMAN’S WORK^sic.

J. L. Caldwell, Mart.—The single tax is moving very quietly here, but I think remarkably fast. Information it seems, is all that is needed. Five lawyers and as many doctors have lately been discovered to be on “our side” in Waco. A leading democrat stopped me in the street “just to say”—he emphasizes sometimes—“that your Henry George has got more sense than any d——d man in the United States.” “What, you too, Judge?” “No, I do not indorse all Mr. George says. but^sic I have nothing to retract.” “All right, Judge; just keep on reading him, and consider if the smartest man in the United States is likely to write foolishness.” Our newspapers are quite friendly to us. The Day has tendered us a column in the daily and Sunday editions for “Questions and Answers,” under our control. We will accept, and shortly have a man at the helm.

James Fitzgerald, Dallas.—At our labor meeting, January 25, we were treated to a speech by a republican politican^sic, who warned us not to have anything to do with the democrats. He was especially hard on the Australian system, which the republicans here seem to fear as much as the democratic governor of New York state; but the master workman of our assembly of the K. of L. explained the working of the system to the meeting, and that ended our republican friend^sic,

Our master workman has been instrumental in having a number of wise pro- continued on p. 14 →

[continued on page 14]

A PREACHER HUNTS FOR WORK, BUT FAILS TO FIND IT.

Topeka (Cincinnati Post, Jan. 22).—Rev. C. M. Sheldon, popular pastor of the Central Congregational church of this city, has caused a sensation by attiring himself in rough clothing and seeking common labor to ascertain for himself the difficulties of making a living by hard work. He says he did it simply to demonstrate to his own satisfaction whether one with only his muscular powers to depend upon could find employment. Sheldon applied at coal yards, railway yards, flour mills, feed stores and other places, and the only work which he got was an hour’s shoveling of coal, at which he made a good hand, found the laborers uniformly kind, and one offered to secure him a supper and lodging at his boarding house if he should fail to find employment.

“I tried my best for several hours,” he says, “but without avail. I do not believe I could have felt worse if my supper had actually depended on my success. I had to confess that I, an able bodied man, in good health, willing to do anything that a man can do with his hands, actually couldn’t get any paying job after walking a matter of ten miles and applying at over a dozen places where day laborers are hired. I think its worth^sic something to know even partially how the struggle for existence is kept up. The fact that one-half of the world does not know how the other half lives, is, perhaps, the best reason why it does not care how it lives.”

WHAT A CANVASS OF TWO CONVENTIONS SHOWED.

S. T., Toronto.—A canvass of the members of the municipal convention which met in this city three weeks ago showed that one-third of them were single tax men. A Baptist convention was held here about the same time and a canvass of its members disclosed the fact that a great majority of the delegates, ministers and laymen as well, were strong believers in the single tax doctrine.

ENGLAND.

The London Christian Commonwealth.—It is a significant sign of the times that the archbishop of Canterberuy^sic should recommend the clergy to study such books as Henry George’s “Progress and Poverty,” Dr. Alfred Russell Wallace’s “Land Nationalization,” and Edward Bellamy’s socialist novel, “Looking Backward.”

The air is full of rumors as to the intentions of the government with regard to the buying-out of Irish landlords. Although nothing is definitely known as yet of the form which these proposals are likely to take, it seems tolerably certain that another raid is to be made upon the pockets or upon the credit of the British taxpayers. The English land restoration league, which has all along opposed the idea of land purchase, even when the liberal party was supporting it, naturally comes to the front at such a crisis. The executive of the league have under consideration a proposal for a campaign against land purchase, with a view to enlightening the electors upon the true bearings of the question. Mr. Michael Davitt has consented, we understand, to address a series of meetings on the subject, including probably a big gathering in London about the end of January.

Liverpool.—The Financial reform association has issued a circular to its members congratulating them upon the abolition, in the programme of the liberal party, of the breakfast table duties and the substitution of a tax on land values.

IRELAND.

Cork.—The conference of labor leaders, held here January [26?], has decided to form an Irish federated trade association, the programme of which was enunciated by Mr. Davitt in a lecture. This is an alliance of English and Irish workingmen to favor the taxation of land values so that labor and industry may be relieved from the burdens inflicted by privileged landed classes, and the payment of salaries to members of the house of commons.

WALES.

The London Christian Commonwealth.—On Christmas day Rev. Dr. E. Pan Jones of Mostyn (editor of Y Celt), one of the pioneers of land restoration among Welsh speaking people, lectured on “The Land for the People,” at Cilcenin, Cardiganshire, to a very large and enthusiastic audience, composed almost entirely of farmers and laborers, many of whom were bending under the weight of rent and tithes. Mr. Morgan Evans, J. P., C. C., presided, and although admittance was by ticket, at a charge of from 6d. to 2s., the hall was crammed. The meeting was successful in every way, and the general cry was “We will hear thee again on this matter.”

On the 30th, Dr. Jones lectured at Bethesda, Carnarvonshire, at the British school, to a large audience of quarrymen, under the auspices of the Liberal club. In the absence of County Councilor Brymer, the chair was taken by the Rev. D. Adams, B. A. Many of the “big” people in this place, though liberal in name^sic are tories in practice, and hardly any of them put in an appearance. The chairman, however, seemed to understand the question, and it is to be hoped that he will bring over the quarrymen to his way of thinking in spite of the would-be leaders who only mislead.

Another lecture on the same subject will be delivered on January 28, by Dr. Jones, at Salem, Bowstreet, Cardiganshire, when the Rev. J. H. Thomas will take the chair. Several other places were anxious to hear the gospel of the land for the people expounded.

The English land restoration league contemplates publishing Welsh editions of some of their best leaflets. This will be a great help to local friends.

Catarrhal Deafness—Hay Fever—A New Home Treatment.

Sufferers are not generally aware that these diseases are contagious, or that they are due to the presence of living parasites in the lining membrane of the nose and eustachian tubes. Microscopic research, however, has proved this to be a fact, and the result of this discovery is that a simple remedy has been formulated whereby catarrh, catarrhal deafness and hay fever are permanently cured in from one to three simple applications made at home by the patient once in two weeks.

N. B.—This treatment is not a snuff or an ointment; both have been discarded by reputable physicians as injurious. A pamphlet explaining this new treatment is sent free on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by A. H. Dixon & Son, 337 and 339 West King street, Toronto, Canada.—[Christian Advocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should carefully read the above.—[Adv.

ANNOUNCEMENTS.

Ministers of all denominations are earnestly and cordially invited to join the brotherhood.

The headquarters of the brotherhood are at 27 Clinton place, New York city.

All meetings and receptions of the brotherhood will be held (unless otherwise announced) at the headquarters.

The monthly business meetings will be held on the first Monday of each month at 2.30 p. m.

The publications of the brotherhood and “books recommended” can be obtained from the secretary. Specimen copies can be seen in the library of the brotherhood at headquarters.

Please address all communications (including those containing donations, subscriptions and dues) to the secretary, the REV. DR. THACKERAY, Newtown, L. I., N. Y.

THE CONSTITUTION.

I. Title.

The name of this society shall be “The Single Tax Brotherhood of Religious Teachers.”

II. Membership.

The membership shall be confined in general to ministers of recognized standing in any religious denomination.

Any such minister of religion who is in favor of the adoption of the “single tax on land values” may be proposed for admission to the brotherhood, and if elected by the executive committee he thereupon becomes a member.

III. Principles of the Brotherhood.

1. The ownership of the land is and must ever remain in the hands of the Creator alone.

2. The Creator gives to every generation in succession (during its lifetime only) the^sic right of possession in order that it may enjoy the usufruct (i. e., the use and benefit) of the land.

3. Every individual of each generation has an equal right to share in the usufruct of the land.

4. The conditions on which the possession of land is permitted to individuals should be such as to ensure impartially to all a share in the Creator’s bounty.

IV. Declaration.

We believe that these principles find their legal and economic expression in the single tax on land values, and we therefore earnestly hope and labor for its speedy adoption.

V. Work and Aims of the Brotherhood.

1. To direct the attention of ministers of religion to the distinctively religious aspects of the single tax movement.

2. To encourage ministers of religion in presenting these aspects of the single tax movement to their congregations.

3. To promote the furtherance of the movement by any other means in their power.

VI. Methods of Work.

The means adopted and recommended for the prosecution of this work are:

1. The circulation and recommendation of books, leaflets, tracts and other literature relating to the single tax and kindred subjects.

2. The delivery and publication of sermons and addresses relating to single tax subjects.

3. Work through the public press.

4. Personal influence and social intercourse whenever opportunity offers.

VII. Or[g]anization.

The brotherhood will extend its operations chiefly (but not exclusively) throughout the United States and Canada, and will have its headquarters in New York city.

Local branches may be affiliated with it.

A printed list of all the brethren shall be issued annually, or at convenient intervals, and a copy sent to every brother in good standing

Dues, one dollar per annum

VIII. Meetings.

The brethren will meet for business usually once a month

At these meetings the order of business shall be as follows:

Agenda. Part I.

1. Silent prayer
2. Reading of minutes.
3. Reading of communications by the secretary.
4. Reports of officers and special committees. [5.] Notices and announcements of future meetings and arrangements.
5. Unfinished business. [7.] New business.

Agenda. Part II.

The business of Part I being concluded, then may follow, either:

(a.) A paper to be read. (b.) An address by an invited speaker. Or (c.) A discussion initiated on some subject connected with the single tax or cognate matters.

IX. Receptions.

Occasional meetings or receptions will be held by the brethren to welcome ministers and others; and opportunity will be afforded to those who may desire to obtain information or to state difficulties and discuss objections to the single tax in friendly conversation or informal discussion with the brethren.

Invitations for a like purpose from ministers and others will also be cordially welcomed by the brethren.

BY-LAWS.

I. The regulation and management of the affairs of the brotherhood shall be in accordance with the constitution and by-laws which are now or may hereafter be enacted for that purpose.

2. The officers shall include an executive committee of not less than seven members, a secretary and treasurer. The secretary and treasurer shall be ex-officio members of the executive committee. The government of the brotherhood shall be in the hands of the executive committee subject to the constitution and by-laws. A quorum of the committee shall consist of not less than three members, not counting members ex-officio^sic

3. The executive committee, the secretary, the treasurer and any other officers shall be elected by the brethren annually for each year. Their term of office shall expire on December 31 or as soon thereafter as their successors shall be elected.

4. Whenever any office of the brotherhood shall become vacant (otherwise than by expiration of term) notice of the vacancy shall be given at the ensuing monthly meeting and a member shall be elected by the brethren to fill the vacancy at the monthly meeting next after.

V. No alteration or addition shall be made to the constitution and by-laws except by a two-thirds vote of the brethren present at two consecutive monthly meetings.

ARKANSAS.

LITTLE ROCK.—Little Rock single tax club. Every alternate Thursday evening, 717 Main st. Pres^sic., Sol F. Clark; sec., O. D. Hemming, 1910 Main st.

CALIFORNIA.

SAN FRANCISCO.—California single tax society. Every Sunday evening, St. George’s hall, 909½ Market st. Library and reading room open from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m^sic., 841 Market st. Pres., H. L. Pleace; sec., G. A. Hubbell. Address of all officers, 841 Market st.

SACRAMENTO.—Single tax club of Sacramento. Every Friday evening, Dr. Reed’s office, 6th and K sts. Pres., Dr. Thos. B. Reed; sec., C. W. Farnsworth, 1406 4th st.

OAKLAND.—Single tax club No. 1 meets every Friday evening at St. Andrews hall, 1056½ Broadway. Pres., A. J. Gregg; sec., W. H. Messenger.

LOS ANGELES.—Los Angeles single tax club. Pres., A. J. Gray; sec., Clarence A. Gray, rooms 24-25 Bryson-Bonebrake block.

SAN DIEGO.—San Diego single tax county committee. Every Monday evening, 139 10th st. Chairman, Geo. B. Whaley, box 1088.

BLACK DIAMOND.—Contra Costa county single tax committee. Jeff. A. Bailey, sec.

COLORADO.

DENVER.—Denver single tax association. Every Thursday evening, 1448 Lawrence st. Pres,, G. H. Phelps; sec., F. H. Monroe, 2951 Marion st.

PUEBLO.—Commonwealth single tax club. First and Fourth Thursdays at office of D. B. V. Reeve, Union av. Pres., D. B. V. Reeve; sec., J. W. Brentlinger, Pueblo Smelting and Refining Co.

GRAND JUNCTION.—Mesa county single tax and ballot reform club. Pres., James W. Bucklin; sec., Geo. Smith.

CANYON CITY.—Single tax committee; sec., Dr. Frank P. Blake.

HAWKXHURST.—Plateau Valley single tax club. Pres., John W. Hawkxhurst; sec., E. H. Parkenson.

CONNECTICUT.

NEW HAVEN.—Tax reform club. Every Friday evening, room 11, 102 Orange st. Pres., Willard D. Warren; sec., Alfred Smith, 105 Day st.

MERIDEN.—Meriden single tax club. 3 p. m. every Sunday, Circle hall. Pres., Wm. Hawthorne; sec., Wm. Williss, P. O. box 1342.

DAKOTA.

STATE.—South Dakota single tax association. Pres., Judge Levi McGee of Rapid City; sec., W. E. Brokaw, box 146, Bristol.

RAPID CITY.—Black Hills single tax league. Last Saturday in each month, Library hall. Pres., Judge Levi McGee; sec., Francis H. Clark.

MADISON.—Lake county single tax club. Chairman, Prof. E. H. Evanson.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

WASHINGTON.—Washington single tax league; always open; regular meeting Friday evening, 609 F street, N. W. Pres., Paul T. Bowen; sec., Wm. Geddes, M. D., 1719 G st., N. W.

FLORIDA.

PENSACOLA.—Pensacola single tax club No. 1. Tuesday evenings, K. of L. hall, corner of Zaragosa and Palafox sts. Pres., J. Davis Wolfe; sec., James McHugh.

TAMPA.—Thomas G. Shearman single tax league. First Monday in each month, business meeting; Sundays, public speaking. Pres., C. E. Ainsworth; sec., John H. McCormick.

GEORGIA.

ATLANTA, Ga.—Atlanta single tax club No. 1. Pres., J. M. Beath; sec., J. Henley Smith, 67 Whitehall st.

AUGUSTA.—Augusta single tax club. Every Friday evening, Hussar hall. Pres., Ed. Flury; sec. George Haines, care of Loflin & Meyer.

ILLINOIS.

CHICAGO.—Single tax club No. 1. Every Thursday evening, club room 4, Grand Pacific hotel. Pres., Warren Worth Bailey; sec. T. W. Wittler, 426 Milwaukee ave.

SPRINGFIELD.—Sangamon single tax club. Pres., Joseph Farris; sec., James H. McCrea, 623 Black ave.

JACKSONVILLE.—Morgan county single tax club. Pres., Col. Wm. Camm of Murrayville; sec., Chas. W. Alexander of Jacksonville.

SPARTA.—Single tax committee. Sec., Wm R. Bailey.

QUINCY.—Gem City single tax club. Every Friday evening, Opera house building. Pres., C. F. Perry; cor. sec., Duke Schroer, 327 S. 3d.

INDIANA.

STATE.—Indiana single tax league. Pres., Henry Rawie, Anderson; vice-pres., L. P. Custer, Indianapolis; sec., Thos. J. Hudson, 155 Elm st., Indianapolis. State executive committee, Henry Rawie, Anderson; S. W. Williams, Vincennes; L. O. Bishop, Clinton; Dr. C. A. Kersey, Richmond; Chas. G. Bennett, Evansville; Wm. Henry, Connersville; W. E. McDermut, Ft. Wayne; T. J. Hudson, J. F. White, L. P. Custer, Indianapolis.

CLINTON.—Single tax club; Sunday afternoons, 3 o’clock, Argus office. Pres., W. V. Wells; sec., L. O. Bishop.

FORT WAYNE.—Single tax club. Pres., W. E. McDermutt; vice pres., J. M. Schwerzgen; sec., Henry Cohen.

INDIANAPOLIS.—Indianapolis single tax league. Every Tuesday evening, 8 p. m., Mansur hall, n. e. cor. Washington and Alabama sts. Pres., Dr. Brown; sec., L. P. Custer.

EVANSVILLE.—Single tax association. Pres., Edwin Walker; sec., Charles G. Bennett.

RICHMOND.—Single tax club. Pres., C. S. Schneider, 105 South Third st.; sec., M. Richie, 913 South A st.

IOWA.

BURLINGTON.—Burlington single tax club. First and third Wednesday of each month, 313 Jefferson st. Pres., Richard Spencer; sec., Wilbur Mosena, 920 Hedge ave.

DES MOINES.—Single tax club. Pres., H B. Allison, box 4; sec., J. Ballangee.

COUNCIL BLUFFS.—Council Bluffs single tax club; second and fourth Sunday of each month, 2.30 p.m.; [724?] Sixth st. Pres., Chas. [Stevenson?]; sec., L. [Kinnehan?], [806?] W Broadway

p. 15, col. 2 ALLERTON.—Tax reform club. Every Thursday evening, Vest’s hall. Pres., A. J. Morgan; sec., D. D. Shirley.

MASON CITY.—Single tax committee; 1st and 3d evenings of each month at Dr. Osborne’s office. Pres., J. A. Scranton; sec., J. S. Mott.

KANSAS.

ABILENE.—Single tax club. Pres., C. W. Brooks; vice-pres., H. Charters; sec., A. L. Russel.

GROVE HILL.—Grove Hill single tax club. Thursday evenings, Grove Hill school house, Lincoln township, Dickman county. Pres., E. Z. Butcher; sec., Andrew Reddick.

LOUISIANA.

NEW ORLEANS.—Louisiana single tax club. Second, third and fourth Thursdays of each month, at 205 Canal st. Pres., John S. Watters, Maritime association; sec., Geo. W. Roberts, 326 Thalia st.

MAINE.

AUBURN.—Auburn single tax club. Saturday evenings, room 3, Phœnix block, Main st.; reading room open every evening. Pres., Wm. G. Andrews; sec., H. G. Casey.

LEWISTON—Single^sic tax committee. Every Wednesday evening, 79 Summer st. Chairman, F. D. Lyford; sec., Joseph Walsh, 79 Summer st.

MARYLAND.

BALTIMORE.—Single tax league of Maryland. Every Thursday evening, 415 N. Eutaw st. Pres., Wm. J Ogden; sec., J. W. Jones, 31 N. Caroline st.

MASSACHUSETTS.

BOSTON.—Boston single tax league, Wells’s memorial hall. Pres., Hamlin Garland; sec., Edwin M. White, 27 Pemberton square.

Neponset single tax league. Every Thursday evening, 389½ Neponset ave., Boston. Sec., Q. A. Lothrop, 43 Walnut st.

Dorchester single tax club. Every other Wednesday evening, Field’s building, Field’s Corner. Pres., Ed Frost; sec., John Lavis, 13 Leonard st.

Roxbury single tax club. Pres., Frank W. Mendum; sec., Henry C. Romaine, 250 Ruggles st.

STONEHAM.—Stoneham single tax league. Pres., Dr. W. Symington Brown, Stoneham.

LYNN.—Lynn single tax league. Pres., C. H. Sibby st^sic.; sec., John McCarty, 14 South Common st.

WORCESTER.—Tenth district single tax league of Worcester. Friday evenings, Swedish hall, 32 Front st. Pres., Thomas J. Hastings; sec., Edwin K. Page, Lake View, Worcester.

LAWRENCE.—Lawrence single tax club. Every Thursday evening, Col. J. P. Sweeney’s office. Pres., Col. John P. Sweeney; sec., John J. Donovan, city clerk’s office.

HYDE PARK.—Single tax club. Sec., F. S. Childs, 40 Charles st.

ORANGE.—Single tax league of Orange. First Wednesday of each month, pres. and secretary’s residence. Pres., H. W. Hammond; sec., Charles G. Kidder.

NEWBURYPORT.—Merrimac assembly. Saturday evenings, 48 State st. Pres., Dennis F. Murphy; sec., W. R. Whitmore, 236 Merrimac st.

MALDEN.—Single tax club. Meetings fortnightly at Deliberative hall, Pleasant st. Pres., Geo. W. Cox, Glenwood st.; sec., Edwin T. Clark, 100 Tremont st.

MICHIGAN.

STURGIS.—Sturgis club of investigation. Every Tuesday evening, C. Jacob’s justice court room. Pres., Rufus Spalding; sec., Thomas Harding.

SAGINAW.—Single tax club, rooms 413 Genesee av., East Saginaw. Pres., Edward L. Weggener; sec., Jas. Duffy, 803 State st.

MINNESOTA.

MINNEAPOLIS.—Minneapolis single tax league, 502 First ave. s. Pres., C. J. Buell; sec., J. A. Sawyer.

ST. PAUL.—Pres., H. C. McCartey; sec., R. C. Morgan, Northern Pacific railroad office.

MISSOURI.

ST. LOUIS.—St. Louis single tax league. s. e. cor. 8th and Olive, meets every Tuesday evening Rooms open^sic every evening. Pres., H. H. Hoffman; sec., J. W. Steele, 2213 Eugenia street.

“Benton School of Social Science.” Saturday, 8 p. m., 6839 Waldemar ave., St. Louis. Pres., Dr. Henry S. Chase; sec., Wm. C. Little.

LA DUE.—The Reform club of La Due. Pres., W. Stephens; sec., Jas. Wilson.

KANSAS CITY.—Kansas City single tax club. Lectures Thursday evenings at 8 o’clock and Sunday afternoons at 3. Headquarters, cor. 15th st. and Grand av.; open every week day until 10 o’clock p. m; the public cordially invited. Pres., H. S. Julian; sec., J. C. Williams, N. Y. Life building.

HERMANN.—Single tax committee. Pres., R. H. Hasenritter; sec., Dr. H. A. Hibbard.

GATE CITY.—Single tax league. Meetings on alternate Thursdays at the house of W. M. Kinhead^sic. Pres., Wm. Kinkead; sec., J. W. Swaw.

NEBRASKA.

OMAHA.—Omaha single tax club. Sunday afternoons, Gate City hall, cor. 13th and Douglas sts. Pres., Rufus S. Parker; sec., Cyrus F. Beckett, 411 N. 23d st.

WYMORE.—Henry George single tax club. Pres., H. C. Jaynes; sec., J. A. Hamm.

NEW JERSEY.

JERSEY CITY.—Standard single tax club. Public meeting every Sunday night at Humboldt hall, 186 Newark av.: business meetings every other Friday evening at the Avenue house, “Five Corners.” Pres., E. N. Jackson, 23 Magnolia av.; sec., Joseph Dana Miller, 267 Grove st.

NEWARK.—Newark single tax club. Pres., Herbert Boggs, 82 Broad st^sic; sec., M. G. Gaffney 43 Warren place^sic.

PATERSON.—Passaic Co. single tax club. Pres., E. W. Nellis; sec., John A. Craig, 192 Hamburg ave. Meetings every Monday evening at [163?] Market street.

S. ORANGE.—S. Orange single tax club. Pres., E. H. Wallace; sec., Henry Haase.

VINELAND.—Vineland single tax and ballot reform club. Pres., Rev. Adolph Roeder; sec., Wm. P. Nichols, box 924.

JANVIER.—Janvier single tax and ballot reform club. Alternate Thursday evenings, Janvier hall. Pres. W. J. Rice; sec., Sydney B. Walsh.

p. 15, col. 3 WASHINGTON.—Washington land and tax club. Pres., John Morrison; sec., W. H, Christine^sic.

BAYONNE.—Single tax committee. Chairman, Wm. R. DuBois.

PASSAIC.—Single tax committee of Passaic. Pres., Oscar D. Wood.

NEW YORK.

NEW YORK.—Manhattan single tax club. Business meeting, first Thursday of each month, at 8 p. m.; other Thursdays, social and propaganda. Club rooms, 36 Clinton pl.: open every day from 6 p. m. to 12 p. m. Pres., Louis F. Post; sec., A. J. Steers.

Harlem single tax club, room 3, 247 West 125th st. Business meeting every Tuesday, 8.30 p. m. Whist and social evening every Thursday. Pres., Eugene G. Muret; sec., Chas. H. Mitchell.

The West Side single tax club. Every Thursday evening, 490 Eighth ave. Pres., Dr. David Wark; sec., Daniel Cavanago, 387 8th ave.

BROOKLYN.—Brooklyn single tax club. Club house, 56 Livingston st. Open every evening. Discussions Wednesday evenings. Business meetings Friday evenings. Lectures Sunday evenings. Pres., Peter Aitken; cor. sec., Robert Baker, 884 Greene av.

The Eastern District single tax club. Wednesday evening, Oriental hall, 316 Bedford ave. Pres., John Britton; sec., Joseph McGuinness, 215 Ross st.

BUFFALO.—Tax reform club. Every Wednesday evening, Yox hall, cor. Watson and Howard sts. Pres., S. C. Rogers; sec., H. B. Buddenburg, 824 Clinton st.

ROCHESTER.—Rochester single tax union. Wednesday, 8 p. m.; Sunday, 3 p. m.; 80 Reynold’s Arcade. Pres., J. H. Bluntach; sec., J. M. Campbell, 30 Charlotte st.

ALBANY.—Single tax club. Tuesday evening, 8 p. m., 68 Washington ave. Rooms open every evening. Pres., Alexander Gregory; cor. sec., James J. Mahoney, 2 Division st.

SYRACUSE.—Syracuse Single tax club. 113 Walton street. Pres., F. A. Paul; sec., H. R. Perry, 149 South Clinton st.

POUGHKEEPSIE.—Single tax club. Every Thursday evening, 8 p. m., 226 Union st. Pres., W. C. Albro; sec., F. S. Arnold.

AUBURN.—Single tax club. Mondays, 7.30 p. m., College hall. Pres., Dan. Peacock; sec., H. W. Benedict, 6 Morris st.

ELLENVILLE.—Single tax club of Ellenville. First and third Monday of each month, Canal st., over E. Bevier’s drug store. Pres., Wm. Lambert; sec., Benj. Hull.

FLUSHING.—Single tax club. Pres., D. C. Beard; sec., Fred Sheffield.

NEW BRIGHTON, S. I.—Richmond county single tax club. Every Monday evening, Parabola hall, New Brignton^sic. Pres., J. S. Cogan; sec., A. B. Stoddard, W. New Brighton.

NORTHPORT.—Single tax committee. Sec., J. K. Rudyard.

OWEGO.—Single tax committee. Sec., Perry Hyde.

TROY.—Single tax club. Meetings weekly at 576 River st. Pres., Henry Sterling; sec., B. B Martis^sic, 576 River st.

COHOES.—Single tax committee. Pres., P. C. Dandurant; sec., J. S. Crane 128 Ontario st^sic.

GLOVERSVILLE.—Single tax committee. Chairman, A. P. Slade; sec., Dr. Wm. C. Wood, 30 S. Main st.

SCHUYLERSVILLE.—Schuylersville single tax club. Every Friday evening, residence of J. H. Bullard. Pres., J. H. Bullard; sec., R. S. Wells.

JAMESTOWN.—Single tax club of Jamestown. Last Saturday evening of each month. Pres., Adam Stormer; sec., F. G. Anderson, 300 Barrett st.

YONKERS.—The Jefferson club, 85 Main st. Always open. Business meeting every Tuesday evening at 7.45.

OHIO.

STATE.—Ohio Single tax league. State executive board: Chairman, C. S. Walker, foot of Evans st., Cincinnati; vice chairman, L. E. Siemon, 7 Greenwood st., Cleveland; treas., W. W. Kile, 23 E. 5th st., Dayton; sec., Edw. L. Hyneman, room 3, 348½ S. High st., Columbus.

CLEVELAND.—Cleveland single tax club. Every Wednesday evening, 8 p. m., 144 Ontario st., room 16. Pres., Tom L. Johnson; sec., C. H. Nau, room 25, Standard block.

CINCINNATI.—Cincinnati single tax club. Every Sunday afternoon at Douglass Castle hall, cor. 6th and Walnut sts. Pres., James Semple, 478 Central av.; sec., Alfred H. Henderson, 23 Clark st.

COLUMBUS.—Central single tax club. Sec., Edw. L. Hyneman, 348½ S. High st.

TIFEFN—Single^sic tax committee. Sec., Dr. H. F. Barnes.

HAMILTON.—Hamilton single tax club. Every Saturday evening at 314 High st. Pres., Howard Rich; sec., Ambrose Strang, 742 E. Dayton st.

GALION.—Galion single tax club. Every Monday evening, residence of P. J. Snay, 103 S. Union st. Pres., P. J. Snay; sec., Maud E. Snay.

ZANESVILLE.—Central single tax club. Pres., C. A. Potwin; sec., W. H. Loughead, 47 Van Buren st.

DAYTON.—Free land club. Pres., John Birch; Sec., W. W. Kile; 108 E. 5th st^sic.

AKRON.—Akron single tax club. Pres, Jno. McBride^sic; sec., Sam Rodgers.

MIAMISBURG.—Land and labor association of Miamisburg. Pres., C. F. Beall; sec., J. F. Beals.

MANSFIELD.—Mansfield single tax club. Pres., Dr. T. J. Bristor; sec., W. J. Huggins, 66 W. 1st st.

TOLEDO.—Single tax club No. 1 meets at 112 Summit st. every Sunday at 10 a. m. Pres., A. R. Wynn; sec., J. P. Travers.

YOUNGSTOWN.—Every Thursday evening, Ivorites hall. Pres., Billy Radcliffe; sec., A. C. Hughes, 6 S. Market st.

OREGON.

PORTLAND.—Portland ballot reform and single tax club. 2d and 4th Thursdays of each month, Grand Army hall. Pres., R. H. Thompson; sec., S. B. Riggen, 48 Stark st.

PENNSYLVANIA.

PHILADELPHIA.—Henry George club. Every Thursday, 8 p.m., 904 Walnut st. Cor. sec., A. H. Stephenson, 214 Chestnut st.

Kensington single tax club. Every Tuesday evening, [8?] p.m., [2061?] Frankford ave.,

p. 15, col. 4 Philadelphia. Pres., James Wright; sec., Jno. Moore, 2188 E. Huntingdon st.

PITTSBURG.—Pittsburg single tax club. 1st, 3d and 5th Sundays at 2:30 p.m., 102 Fourth av. Pres., Edmund Yardley; sec., Mark F. Roberts, 140 24th st., S. S.

BRADFORD.—Single tax club, St. James place. Open every evening. Meetings Wednesday evening and Sunday afternoon at 3 p. m. Pres., Phil. D. Tangney; sec., J. C De Forist.

READING.—Reading single tax society Monday evenings, 402½ Penn st. Pres., C. S Prizer; cor. sec., Grant Nagle, 208 S. Third st.

ERIE.—Erie tax reform league. Pres., W G. McKean; sec., J. L. Babcock.

EDWARDSVILLE.—Jefferson ballot reform and single tax club. First Friday of each month. Pres., J. J. Smythe, M. D.; sec., J P. Hammond.

LEBANON.—Lebanon single tax and [land?] club. Pres., Adam Behny; sec., J. G. Zimmerman, 111 N. Fourteenth st.

SCRANTON.—Henry George single tax club. 1st and 3d Friday evenings of each month, Noake’s hall, cor. Franklin ave. and Spruce st. Pres., Duncan Wright; sec., Arthur McGee, 914 Capouse ave.

SHENANDOAH.—Single tax club. Sundays, 3 p.m., 415 W. Coal st. Pres., Morris Marsh; sec., Thomas G. Potts.

UPPER LEHIGH.—Single tax committee. Pres., J. R. Carr; sec., George McGee.

JOHNSTOWN, Pa.—Henry George club. Meets every Monday evening for public discussion. Pres. A. J. Moxham^sic; sec., Richard Eyre.

POTTSTOWN.—Single tax club. Meetings 1st and 3d Friday evenings each month in Weitzenkorn’s hall. Pres., D. L. Haws; sec., H H Johnson^sic, 530 Walnut st.

RHODE ISLAND.

PROVIDENCE.—Single tax association of Rhode Island. Alternate Friday evenings, room 22, Slade building, cor. Washington and Eddy sts. Pres., Dr. Wm. Barker; sec., Geo D. Liddell, 145 Transit st.

PAWTUCKET.—Single tax association. Ev’ry Wednesday evening, Main st. Pres., Edward Barker; sec., Edgar Farnell, 220 Mineral Spring ave.

TENNESSEE.

MEMPHIS.—Memphis single tax association Sundays, 4.30 p. m., Luehrman’s hotel. Pres. Dr. T. J. Crofford; sec., M. H. McDowell care of Townsend, Cowie & Co.

TEXAS.

STATE.—Texas tax reform association, Pres., H. F. Ring, Houston; sec., J. B. Cochran.

EL PASO.—El Paso tariff reform club. 1st and 3d Saturdays of each month, county court room, court house. Pres., G. E. Hubbard, sec., A. W. Thomas.

HOUSTON.—Single tax committee. Pres. H. F. Ring; sec., E. W. Brown, care of Germania house.

SAN ANTONIO.—Single tax club. Meets first and third Thursday in each month. Pres., Geo. Marks; sec., Theo. Kunzmann, 11 Crockett st.

WEST VIRGINIA.

PARKERSBURGH.—Single tax league. Every Saturday night, 500 Market st. Pres., W. H Curry; sec., W. F Thayer^sic.

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